
Triangle Area Formulas: Heron's Formula & 5 Other Methods
Calculate triangle area 6 different ways. Learn Heron's formula, trigonometric method, coordinate formula - choose the right approach for your data.
Find the area of any triangle from its three side lengths — no angles required. Also returns altitudes, angles, and the semiperimeter.
Heron's Formula
A = √[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)]
where s = (a + b + c) / 2
Enter three sides to compute the area
Area
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Semiperimeter (s)
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Perimeter
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Height to a
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Height to b
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Height to c
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Angle A
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Angle B
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Angle C
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Heron's formula is one of the most elegant results in classical geometry: it lets you compute the area of any triangle using only the three side lengths — no angles, no heights, no coordinates. It's named for Heron of Alexandria, who proved it around the 1st century CE.
Area = √[ s × (s − a) × (s − b) × (s − c) ]
where s = (a + b + c) / 2 is the semiperimeter
Take a triangle with sides 3, 4, 5 (the classic right triangle):
That matches the simple ½ × base × height calculation: ½ × 3 × 4 = 6. ✓
Heron's formula shines whenever you have SSS data — three side lengths but no angles or heights. Common scenarios include surveying (where you measure distances between three points), land area calculations from a property survey, and geometry problems that give you only sides.
Heron's formula calculates the area of any triangle from just its three side lengths — no angles or heights required. The formula is: Area = √[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)], where a, b, c are the side lengths and s is the semiperimeter (half the perimeter).
Heron of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician and engineer who lived around 10–70 CE. He proved the formula in his work "Metrica," though there's evidence Archimedes knew it earlier. It's one of the oldest non-trivial geometry results still in everyday use.
Use base × height when you already know one side and the perpendicular height to it — it's simpler. Use Heron's formula when you only know the three side lengths and don't have any heights or angles to work with. It's the go-to method for SSS triangle area.
The semiperimeter (s) is half the triangle's perimeter: s = (a + b + c) / 2. It appears in Heron's formula and in formulas for the inradius, exradii, and other geometric quantities. It's a useful shortcut to keep the formula compact.
Yes — for any valid triangle (one that satisfies the triangle inequality: each side must be less than the sum of the other two). It works for acute, right, obtuse, scalene, isosceles, and equilateral triangles alike.
It can lose precision for nearly-degenerate "needle" triangles where one side is almost equal to the sum of the other two. For those cases, a numerically-stable variant (Kahan's reformulation) is preferred. For typical inputs the standard formula is plenty accurate.
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